Factors Affecting Abundance of Lake Herring (Coregonus artedii Lesueur) in Western Lake Superior

1971 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emory D. Anderson ◽  
Lloyd L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Lake Herring

Predation by Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) on Lake Herring (Coregonus artedii) in Western Lake Superior

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Selgeby ◽  
Wayne R. MacCallum ◽  
Donald V. Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Historical Levels ◽  
Lake Herring

The stock of lake herring (Coregonus artedii) in the Apostle Islands (Wisconsin) region of western Lake Superior has diminished severely during the past 30 yr, and predation by rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) on herring larvae has been considered a possible cause of this decline. In contrast, the herring stock in Black Bay, 160 km to the northeast, has remained nearly stable despite the presence of large numbers of smelt and high commercial production of herring. Predator–prey interactions were studied in both areas during 1974. Herring larvae and smelt were about 120 and 3 times as dense, respectively, in Black Bay as in the Apostle Islands region. Substantial predation by smelt on young herring was evident in Black Bay, where 17% of 1195 smelt stomachs examined contained herring larvae. From calculations of the relative densities of the two species, and of the daily ration of the predators, we estimated that smelt consumed 3.3–11% of the herring larvae. Nevertheless, the herring stocks have sustained average historical levels of commercial production. In contrast, no herring larvae were found in the stomachs of 1711 smelt collected in the Apostle Islands region. We conclude that predation by smelt on herring larvae is not the major factor controlling or suppressing herring stocks in either region. Key words: lake herring, rainbow smelt, predation, Lake Superior

Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) and Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) Diets in Western Lake Superior

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Johnson ◽  
William P. Brown ◽  
Timothy D. Corry ◽  
Michael H. Hoff ◽  
Jill V. Scharold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Lake Herring

Decline of Lake Herring (Coregonus artedii) In Lake Superior: An Analysis of the Wisconsin Herring Fishery, 1936–78

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Selgeby
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Lake Herring

Annual harvests of lake herring (Coregonus artedii) in American waters of Lake Superior declined from an average of 2 million kg in 1936–62 to less than 25 000 kg in 1978. Analysis of commercial fishing records revealed that the sequential overexploitation of discrete unit stocks caused the collapse of the herring population in Wisconsin waters. In each of six major spawning areas, catch exceeded the productive capacity of the stock and the stock failed. Because stocks in the six areas were exploited sequentially, mostly in groups of two or three simultaneously, the demise of the stocks was not readily apparent until the last two failed in the early 1960s. After the collapse of the last major spawning stock, the fishery dwindled but may have continued to overexploit the remaining small stocks. The residual populations were apparently able only to replace themselves. Some form of density-independent mortality was apparently operating to prevent their recovery during the 1960s and 1970s.Key words: lake herring, overfishing, Lake Superior

Winter Diet of Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) in Western Lake Superior

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Link ◽  
James H. Selgeby ◽  
Michael H. Hoff ◽  
Craig Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Lake Herring

Biomass Dynamics of Lake Superior Lake Herring (Coregonus artedii): Application of Schnute's Difference Model

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s275-s288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Jacobson ◽  
Wayne R. MacCallum ◽  
George R. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Biomass Dynamics ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Lake Herring

Schnute's (1985. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: 414–429) difference model was used to study the biomass dynamics of lake herring (Coregonus artedii) in Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Lake Superior, during 1948–79. Recruitment to both fisheries appeared to be independent of escapement during previous years. Abundance of lake herring in Black Bay varied without trend during the study period despite a strong peak in effective fishing effort during 1968–70 and a general trend of increasing effort throughout the study period. Abundance of Thunder Bay lake herring declined during 1948–50 and 1959–67 and increased when fishing effort declined. The estimated catchability coefficient for small-mesh gill nets (54–83 mm stretched measure) set in Black Bay for lake herring during November was 0.467/102 km net. The estimated catchability coefficient for small mesh gill nets set in Thunder Bay for lake herring during December was 0.132/102 km net. Estimates of natural mortality rates and recruitment levels for both fisheries were confounded and unreliable. This analysis demonstrates the utility of Schnute's model for management of Great Lakes herring stocks and some difficulties with its application.

Density-Dependent Maturation, Growth, and Female Dominance in Lake Superior Lake Herring (Coregonus artedii)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Bowen ◽  
Donna J. D'angelo ◽  
Stephen H. Arnold ◽  
Michael J. Keniry ◽  
Ronald J. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Lake Herring

Density-related changes in age at maturation, sex ratio of recruits, growth, and fecundity at very low density result in spawning populations which comprise many older females and few young males and in which egg production per lake herring (Coregonus artedii) is increased by a factor of five. Age of maturation is delayed at low density for females, but not for males. Thus, males dominate the youngest age classes but females become increasingly more abundant from age 2 + through age 6 +. A model of lake herring population structure showed that although delayed maturation accounts for many characteristics of depressed populations, it does not explain overall population femaleness. The model was used to evaluate effects of differential adult mortality, recruitment failure, and changes in the sex ratio of recruits, and only the latter provided an adequate explanation for overall femaleness. Despite the apparently compensatory nature of these responses, the slow and unsteady recovery of depressed Lake Superior populations during the last two decades indicates that one or more additional factors play important roles in determination of year class strength.

Hybridization of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Huron

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1679-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Todd ◽  
Ralph M. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi ◽  
Biological Differences ◽  
Lake Herring

Gill raker number and length were compared for lake herring, Coregonus artedii LeSueur, and bloater, Coregonus hoyi (Gill), collected in 1917, 1956, and 1984 – 1985 at four locations in western Lake Huron to examine the effects of suspected introgressive hybridization on these distinctive species characters. Gill raker length showed no change from 1917 to 1984 – 1985, but gill raker number became similar in the two species over that period. Between 1917 and 1984 – 1985, mean gill raker counts decreased from 48.0 to 45.8 in lake herring, but increased from 41.8 to 43.1 in bloaters. The modal count for both species was 43 in 1984 – 1985. Intermediate gill raker counts were consistent with the hypothesis of hybridization. Bloater abundance increased greatly in the 1980s, but lake herring remained scarce. Under these circumstances, the rare lake herring would be increasingly likely to encounter abundant ripe bloaters during the overlapping spawning seasons of these species, increasing the probability for hybridization. Basic biological differences between the species, such as lower vulnerability of bloaters to commercial harvest, better survival of bloater fry, or greater fecundity of bloaters, may have contributed to the substantially better success of bloaters. Cisco populations are fragile; only the bloater has ever made a strong and sustained recovery after a severe decline. Hybridization with bloaters may impede the recovery of lake herring in Lake Huron.

Estimating Sediment and Nutrient Loads in Four Western Lake Superior Streams

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Ruzycki ◽  
Richard P. Axler ◽  
George E. Host ◽  
Jerald R. Henneck ◽  
Norman R. Will
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Western Lake

The effect of a flood pulse on the water column of western Lake Superior, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Minor ◽  
Brandy Forsman ◽  
Stephanie J. Guildford
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Western Lake

Environmental Factors Affecting the Strength of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Year-Classes in Western Lake Erie, 1960–70

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Dieter N. Busch ◽  
Russell L. Scholl ◽  
Wilbur L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Western Lake Erie

Commercial production of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) from western Lake Erie declined from 5.9 million pounds in 1956 to 140,000 pounds by 1969. Since 1956, marked irregularity in year-class success has developed. Only four year-classes were considered good during 1959–70. The rate and regularity of water warming during the spring spawning and incubation periods in 1960–70 had a positive effect on the density of egg deposits and the resulting year-class strength. Rates of warming were not themselves detrimental, but rather the extended length of the incubation period in cool springs increased the exposure of eggs to such negative influences as dislodgment from the spawning reefs by strong current action generated by spring storms, or siltation and low oxygen tensions. The annual brood stock size had much less influence on year-class strength than did water temperature. Reproductive success was unrelated to fluctuations in size of suitable reef spawning area caused by changes in water level. Apparently the usable spawning area at any water level is more than adequate to serve the limited walleye brood stocks.

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